Page 5 - Learning Web Technologies

HISTORY OF THE
The Internet and World Wide Web Chapter 1
INTERNET
Client
Discuss the Internet and its benefits for
Clients are the com-
puters that request
services from a server. societies around the world.
When you connect
to the Internet, the
computer you use is
considered a client.
Like other networks, ORGANIZATION OF
the Internet uses
protocols—the sets
of rules that allow THE INTERNET
clients and servers to
communicate. Client
is one component
Like many networks, the Internet is made up of connected client and server computers that use of the client-server Create a diagram that shows a computer as
protocols to communicate. architecture.
part of a school’s LAN, which is part of a
Server
History of the Internet
A computer or com- WAN linked to WANs throughout the coun-
In the 1960s, people were working on ideas that later became the Internet. In 1969, puter program that
serves up information try and in other parts of the world.
the first four major computer centers in the United States were linked. By 1973, based on requests it
the network was international. In 1983, the Internet protocols went online for the receives from other • Describe how the three main parts of the
first time. Two major groups worked on the development of the Internet: the U.S. client computers or
software on the net-
military and university researchers. work. Internet servers Internet work together.
U.S. Military: In the 1960s, the U.S. government wanted to find a way to com- are the computers
that provide services • Explain the advantages and disadvantages
municate in the event of a disaster or military attack. The military began to work
to other computers by
on a system that would operate even if some communication connections were way of the Internet. of the organization of the Internet.
destroyed. The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) of the U.S. These services include
processing e-mail,
Department of Defense focused on computer networking and communications. • Identify organizations responsible for
storing webpages,
In 1968, this research led to a network of connected computer centers called the or helping send files
Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET). from one computer setting standards for the Internet.
to another. Common
University Researchers: With the military’s leadership and funding, DARPA servers used today are
formed computing research centers at universities across the United States. From web hosting servers,
mail servers, database
1969 through 1987, the number of computers on the network increased from
servers, print servers,
4 to more than 10,000. These connections created the networks that became file servers, gaming REVIEW THE
the Internet. servers and applica-
tion servers. Servers VOCABULARY
are the other compo-
Organization of the Internet nent of the client-
server architecture.
The Internet is a global WAN, a network of networks. It connects everything from Client: Clients are the computers that request
single computers to large networks. The Internet can even connect computers that Protocols
A group of rules that services from a server. When you connect to
run different operating systems. This ability to share information with almost any
regulate the format
computer makes the Internet a powerful tool for communication. The Internet is of information that the Internet, the computer you use is con-
made up of three important parts: servers, clients, and protocols. These three is accessible via the
components make up what is called a client-server architecture. Internet. sidered a client. Like other networks, the
Internet uses protocols—the sets of rules that
LEARNING WEB TECHNOLOGIES 9 allow clients and servers to communicate.
Client is one component of the client-server
architecture.
Server: A computer or computer program
that serves up information based on requests
it receives from other client computers or
software on the network. Internet serv-
ers are the computers that provide services
to other computers by way of the Internet.
These services include processing e-mail,
storing webpages, or helping send files from
one computer to another. Common serv-
ers used today are web hosting servers, mail
servers, database servers, print servers, file
servers, gaming servers and application serv-
ers. Servers are the other component of the
client-server architecture.
Protocols: A group of rules that regulate the
format of information that is accessible via
the Internet.

LEARNING WEB TECHNOLOGIES 9