Page 5 - Learning Web Technologies
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HISTORY OF THE
                                       The Internet and World Wide Web  Chapter 1
                                                                                        INTERNET
                                                                   Client
                                                                                       Discuss the Internet and its benefits for
                                                                   Clients are the com-
                                                                   puters that request
                                                                   services from a server.   societies around the world.
                                                                   When you connect
                                                                   to the Internet, the
                                                                   computer you use is
                                                                   considered a client.
                                                                   Like other networks,   ORGANIZATION OF
                                                                   the Internet uses
                                                                   protocols—the sets
                                                                   of rules that allow   THE INTERNET
                                                                   clients and servers to
                                                                   communicate. Client
                                                                   is one component
                    Like many networks, the Internet is made up of connected client and server computers that use   of the client-server   Create a diagram that shows a computer as
                    protocols to communicate.                      architecture.
                                                                                       part of a school’s LAN, which is part of a
                                                                   Server
                    History of the Internet
                                                                   A computer or com-  WAN linked to WANs throughout the coun-
                    In the 1960s, people were working on ideas that later became the Internet. In 1969,   puter program that
                                                                   serves up information   try and in other parts of the world.
                    the first four major computer centers in the United States were linked. By 1973,   based on requests it
                    the network was international. In 1983, the Internet protocols went online for the   receives from other   •  Describe how the three main parts of the
                    first time. Two major groups worked on the development of the Internet: the U.S.   client computers or
                                                                   software on the net-
                    military and university researchers.           work. Internet servers   Internet work together.
                    U.S. Military: In the 1960s, the U.S. government wanted to find a way to com-  are the computers
                                                                   that provide services   •  Explain the advantages and disadvantages
                    municate in the event of a disaster or military attack. The military began to work
                                                                   to other computers by
                    on a system that would operate even if some communication connections were   way of the Internet.   of the organization of the Internet.
                    destroyed. The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) of the U.S.   These services include
                                                                   processing e-mail,
                    Department of Defense focused on computer networking and communications.   •  Identify organizations responsible for
                                                                   storing webpages,
                    In 1968, this research led to a network of connected computer centers called the   or helping send files
                    Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET).  from one computer   setting standards for the Internet.
                                                                   to another. Common
                    University Researchers: With the military’s leadership and funding, DARPA   servers used today are
                    formed computing research centers at universities across the United States. From   web hosting servers,
                                                                   mail servers, database
                    1969 through 1987, the number of computers on the network increased from
                                                                   servers, print servers,
                    4 to more than 10,000. These connections created the networks that became   file servers, gaming   REVIEW THE
                    the Internet.                                  servers and applica-
                                                                   tion servers. Servers   VOCABULARY
                                                                   are the other compo-
                    Organization of the Internet                   nent of the client-
                                                                   server architecture.
                    The Internet is a global WAN, a network of networks. It connects everything from   Client: Clients are the computers that request
                    single computers to large networks. The Internet can even connect computers that   Protocols
                                                                   A group of rules that   services from a server. When you connect to
                    run different operating systems. This ability to share information with almost any
                                                                   regulate the format
                    computer makes the Internet a powerful tool for communication. The Internet is   of information that   the Internet, the computer you use is con-
                    made up of three important parts: servers, clients, and protocols. These three   is accessible via the
                    components make up what is called a client-server architecture.  Internet.  sidered a client. Like other networks, the
                                                                                       Internet uses protocols—the sets of rules that
                                                              LEARNING WEB TECHNOLOGIES  9  allow clients and servers to communicate.
                                                                                       Client is one component of the client-server
                                                                                       architecture.
                                                                                       Server: A computer or computer program
                                                                                       that serves up information based on requests
                                                                                       it receives from other client computers or
                                                                                       software on the network. Internet serv-
                                                                                       ers are the computers that provide services
                                                                                       to other computers by way of the Internet.
                                                                                       These services include processing e-mail,
                                                                                       storing webpages, or helping send files from
                                                                                       one computer to another. Common serv-
                                                                                       ers used today are web hosting servers, mail
                                                                                       servers, database servers, print servers, file
                                                                                       servers, gaming servers and application serv-
                                                                                       ers. Servers are the other component of the
                                                                                       client-server architecture.
                                                                                       Protocols: A group of rules that regulate the
                                                                                       format of information that is accessible via
                                                                                       the Internet.



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